If you like BoxMatrix then please contribute Supportdata, Supportdata2, Firmware and/or Hardware (get in touch).
My metamonk@yahoo.com is not reachable by me since years. Please use hippie2000@webnmail.de instead.

0
U

Property:l2tpv3d (avmcmd)

From BoxMatrix


BoxMatrix >> Shell-Commands >> l2tpv3d (avmcmd) @ BoxMatrix   -   IRC-Chat   -   Translate: de es fr it nl pl
News Selectors Models Accessories Components Environment Config Commands System Webif Software Develop Lexicon Community Project Media

Startup-Scr Hotplug-Scr BusyBox-Cmds Bash-Cmds AVM-Cmds Chipset-Cmds Linux-Cmds Shared-Libs Kernel-Mods Research

Info
  
Name-Collision - multiple objects in this wiki use the name l2tpv3d!
l2tpv3d (avmcmd) Layer 2 tunneling protocol v3 daemon.
l2tpv3d (process) Process running l2tpv3d
l2tpv3d (watchdog) Watchdog for l2tpv3d

AVM-Command

Goto:   Endpoints  -  Events  -  Logs  -  Source  -  Dependencies   -   Model-Matrix   -   Symbols   -   SMW-Browser

Details

todo

l2tpv3d announces the l2tpv3 UPnP root device via SSDP which is described by l2tpv3.xml.
The description l2tpv3.xml is dynamically created by preprocessing the l2tpv3-template.xml.

fw 7.29 help:

root@fritz2:/var/mod/root# l2tpv3d -?

usage: l2tpv3d l2tpv3d [options]

options:
  -?                 - print this help
  -f                 - run in forground. (NOTSET)
  -s                 - stop daemon. (NOTSET)
  -v                 - verbose. (NOTSET)
  -p STRING          - Pidfile. ("/var/run/l2tpv3d.pid")
  -t                 - protocol test (simulate drops,duplicates,...). (NOTSET)
  -C                 - client mode: find server via upnp. (NOTSET)
  -h STRING          - client test mode: connect to host <INADDR>. (FUNC)
  -S                 - server mode: announcing via upnp. (NOTSET)
  -c                 - cisco mode. (NOTSET)
  -R STRING          - Remote End Ids. (FUNC)
  -D STRING          - switch debug logs on. (FUNC)

start server:   l2tpv3d
stop server :   l2tpv3d -s

Endpoints

aicmd endpoint(s) provided by l2tpv3d, with these functions: (fw 7.29)

root@fritz2:/var/mod/root# aicmd l2tpv3d

# provided by l2tpv3d: - fw 7.29+

HELP                                     - show help
SLABDUMP                                 - show slab allocation
SLABSHOW                                 - show slab information
QUIT                                     - disconnect

l2tpv3dump                               - dump l2tpv3 infos

# provided by libavmupnp.so / libavmupnpbig.so: - fw 7.29+

upnpapicli show devices                  - show upnp devices
upnpapicli show targets                  - show searched targets

# provided by libewnwlinux.so: - fw 7.01+

ewnwlinux show csockshell                - show shells running
ewnwlinux show genetlink                 - show gerneric netlink families

# provided by libewnwlinux.so: - fw 7.90+

ewnwlinux netlink show                   - show internal information
ewnwlinux netlink getroute [address]     - get route for inet address
ewnwlinux netlink interfaces             - show interfaces
ewnwlinux netlink routes [ 4 | 6 ]       - show routes

# provided by libavmcsock.so: - fw 7.01+

avmcsock show csock                      - show all csock
avmcsock show dnsconfig                  - show all dns context
avmcsock show timercb                    - show all timer
avmcsock show debughandles               - show all debughandles
avmcsock show cprocess                   - show all processes
avmcsock set debug                       - set debug flags

# provided by libavmcsock.so: - fw 7.29+

avmcsock show cbcontext                  - show all cbdata
avmcsock show daemon                     - show daemon status
avmcsock show cbuf                       - show cbuf status

# provided by libavmcsock.so: - fw 7.39+

avmcsock getsymbol <address>             - get symbol for address
avmcsock show dnsglobal                  - show all dns global values
avmcsock show dnscache                   - show cache
avmcsock show dnsqueries                 - show all pending queries
avmcsock show avmipc [endpoint shmatch]  - show avmipc events and states
avmcsock ctimer show                     - show all timer
avmcsock ctimer overview                 - show ctimer overview
avmcsock iotrace format unctrl|hexdump   - set format for csock iotrace
avmcsock iotrace file                    - enable iotrace to file
avmcsock iotrace enable                  - enable iotrace via debugmsg
avmcsock iotrace disable                 - disable iotrace
avmcsock iotrace match help|<match>      - show allowed matches or set match
avmcsock iotrace reset                   - remove all matches
avmcsock iotrace show                    - show configuration

# provided by libavmcsock.so: - fw 7.90+

avmcsock show signals                    - show signal handler
avmcsock show connector [cache|stats]    - show connector information
avmcsock show clogger                    - show clogger information
avmcsock set clogmod [ <module> [ '.' <submodule ] ... ] [ '=' <level> ]
                                         - set clogmod log level
avmcsock slab check                      - red zone/free check
avmcsock slab reap [heavy]               - call slab_reap/slab_reap_heavy
avmcsock slab dump [long]                - show slab allocation
avmcsock slab show                       - show slab information
avmcsock slab ewma [show|activate|deactivate|reset]
                                         - show average allocates/freed per second
avmcsock avmipc notifier [endpoint shmatch]
                                         - show registered notifier
avmcsock avmipc set [endpoint shmatch]   - show states/events sent
avmcsock avmipc csv [endpoint shmatch]   - show states/events sent and listing as csv

msgsend endpoint(s) provided by l2tpv3d, with these functions: (endpoints + commands, collected manually)

l2tpv3d dump      # from supportdata and supportdata_argo.nw

Events

Daily updated index of AVM-Events and AVMIPC-Datastore nodes affecting this command. Last update: 2023-12-10 05:13 GMT.
The owners of Event-Sinks and Event-Sources are manual research, which may be incomplete or even wrong.
A * in the Mod column marks info from Supportdata-Probes, which will always stay incomplete.
A ** in the Mod column marks info from Supportdata2 probes, which by their nature will stay way more incomplete.
A - in the Mod column marks manual research, the Firmware then shows where the item occurs, not the Relation.

Relation Typ Object Mod Firmware Info Origin
Netlink family NETLINK_GENERIC 12** 7.39 - 7.57 Generic Netlink (genetlink) family for simplified netlink usage (#16) Linux
Multicast group AVMGGRP_NLCTRL_NOTIFY 12** 7.39 - 7.57 Notification about changes in subscribed genetlink groups AVM
Netlink family NETLINK_ROUTE 12** 7.39 - 7.57 Communication channel between routing dæmons and the kernel packet forwarding (#0) Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_IPV4_IFADD 13** 6.04 - 7.57 IPv4 address change of a Network-Interface Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_IPV4_ROUTE 13** 6.04 - 7.57 IPv4 Routing Table change Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_IPV6_IFADDR 13** 6.04 - 7.57 IPv6 address change of a Network-Interface Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_IPV6_ROUTE 13** 6.04 - 7.57 IPv6 Routing Table change Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_LINK 13** 6.04 - 7.57 Creation / deletion or up / down change of a Network-Interface. Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_NOTIFY 12** 7.39 - 7.57 Enable notification about changes in subscribed rtnetlink groups Linux
Multicast group RTMGRP_TC 12** 7.39 - 7.57 Packet Scheduler Traffic Control change Linux
Endpoint sock me_L2TPV3.ctl 59* 6.03 - 7.51 avmipc endpoint of l2tpv3d AVM
Listens to avmipc @ 13** 7.29 - 7.51 Special event for listeners of nameless private messages. AVM
Endpoint sock me_l2tpv3d.ctl 80* 6.00 - 7.57 avmipc_command endpoint of l2tpv3d AVM
Listens to avmipc @ 22** 7.12 - 7.57 Special event for listeners of nameless private messages. AVM
Listens to avmipc aicmd_listener 21** 7.29 - 7.57 Special event covering all aicmd compatible listeners. AVM
Listens to avmipc l2tpv3cfg 23** 7.01 - 7.57 State of the L2TPv3 tunneling in JSON format. AVM
16 event relations for this command

Logs

This is a subset of the Temp-Files section, filtered for logfiles of l2tpv3d:

Daily updated index of all l2tpv3d logfiles found scanning Supportdata-Probes. Last update: 2024-12-21 07:02 GMT.
The label (temp) in the Logfile column shows there are other objects in this wiki using this name.
The Mod column shows the amount of models using the respective logfile. Click the column header to sort by this number.

Source

The names of source files compiled into an executable often help to understand function blocks (and show gaps in the docs).
fw 7.39 source files:

$ strings /sbin/l2tpv3d | grep -e '\.c$' -e '\.cpp$'

ar7/l2tpv3/l2tpv3d.c
ar7/l2tpv3/l2tpv3.c
ar7/l2tpv3/l2tpv3_upnp_srv.c
ar7/l2tpv3/l2tpv3_upnp_cli.c  

Dependencies

Daily updated index of all dependencies of this command. Last update: 2024-12-21 07:44 GMT.
A * in the Mod column marks info from Supportdata-Probes, which will always stay incomplete.

Relation Typ Object Mod Firmware Info Origin
Started by serv l2tpv3d.service 44 7.39 - 8.00 supervisor service for l2tpv3d. AVM
Runs as proc l2tpv3d (process) 90* 6.00 - 8.00 Process running l2tpv3d AVM
Registers wdog l2tpv3d (watchdog) 73* 6.20 - 8.00 Watchdog for l2tpv3d AVM
Serving port Port-1900-udp 102* 5.04 - 8.00 SSDP - Simple Service Discovery Protocol (discovery of UPnP devices) AVM
Serving sock me_L2TPV3.ctl 67* 6.03 - 8.00 avmipc endpoint of l2tpv3d AVM
Serving sock me_l2tpv3d.ctl 90* 6.00 - 8.00 avmipc_command endpoint of l2tpv3d AVM
Depends on lib ld.so 41 7.08 - 8.00 Dynamic linker / loader Linux
Depends on lib libavmauth.so 70 6.51 - 8.00 Fritzbox authentification helpers AVM
Depends on lib libavmcsock.so 90 5.55 - 8.00 Networking, I/O and helper functions AVM
Depends on lib libavmfbstate.so 44 7.39 - 7.81 IPC fritzbox state notification AVM
Depends on lib libavmhmac.so 90 5.55 - 8.00 HMAC / SHA / MD5 hashing. AVM
Depends on lib libavmupnpbig.so 90 5.56 - 8.00 UPnP support API (big version) AVM
Depends on lib libavmwdt.so 22 7.61 - 8.00 AVM-Watchdogs management API AVM
Depends on lib libboxlib.so 82 5.55 - 7.32 Box status, logging and statistics functions AVM
Depends on lib libboxnotify.so 1 6.35 boxnotifyd client API (old) AVM
Depends on lib libc.so 90 5.55 - 8.00 Standard C library Linux
Depends on lib libcore.so 22 7.61 - 8.00 Gathers the MAC addresses of the device and maintains its device mode. AVM
Depends on lib libdl.so 69 5.55 - 8.00 Dynamic linking library Linux
Depends on lib libdputil.so 66 6.35 - 7.32 DataPipe / packet utilities AVM
Depends on lib libewnwlinux.so 90 5.55 - 8.00 Linux networking functions AVM
Depends on lib libewnwnet.so 66 6.35 - 7.32 Internet helper functions AVM
Depends on lib libfbconf.so 22 7.61 - 8.00 API to hardcoded fbconf.cfg AVM
Depends on lib libgcc_s.so 37 5.55 - 6.110 GCC low-level runtime library Linux
Depends on lib libhtmltemplate.so 74 6.35 - 8.00 Template preprocessor for HTML / XML markup AVM
Depends on lib libl2tpv3d.so 70 6.51 - 8.00 Layer 2 tunneling protocol v3 AVM
Depends on lib libmxml.so 74 6.35 - 8.00 Mini-XML parser / generator Linux
Depends on lib libpthread.so 69 5.55 - 8.00 POSIX threading library Linux
Depends on lib librt.so 53 6.35 - 8.00 POSIX realtime extensions library Linux
Depends on lib libsvctl.so 52 7.19 - 8.00 supervisor notification library AVM
Depends on lib libupnpdev.so 90 5.56 - 8.00 UPnP root device helper library AVM
Depends on lib libwdt.so 87 5.55 - 7.81 AVM-Watchdogs management API AVM
Depends on lib libwebkpiclient.so 32 7.39 - 8.00 KPI sensor for system parts which use HTTP / HTTPS AVM
Depends on lib libwebsrv.so 74 6.35 - 8.00 HTTP / HTTPS webserver and tools. AVM
Depends on lib libz.so 64 6.83 - 8.00 Zlib compressor / decompressor Linux
34 dependencies for this command

Model-Matrix

Daily updated index of the presence, path and size of this command for each model. Last update: 2024-12-21 05:44 GMT.
Showing all models using this command. Click any column header (click-wait-click) to sort the list by the respective data.
The (main/scrpn/boot/arm/prx/atom/rtl) label in the Model column shows which CPU is meant for Multi-Linux models.
Note that this list is merged from Firmware-Probes of all known AVM firmware for a model, including Recovery.exe and Labor-Files.

Model Firmware Path Size
FRITZ!Box 3272 (main) 5.59 - 6.89 /sbin 76.3k - 81.5k
FRITZ!Box WLAN 3370 (main) 5.59 - 6.56 /sbin 77.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 3390 (main) 5.59 - 6.56 /sbin 77.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 3490 (main) 6.20 - 7.30 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 4020 /sbin 72.9k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 4040 6.69 - 8.00 /sbin 56.4k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 4050 7.58 - 7.90 /sbin 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 4060 7.29 - 7.90 /sbin 66.6k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 5490 (main) 6.51 - 7.29 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 5491 (main) 7.01 - 7.29 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 5530 Fiber (main) 7.21 - 8.00 /sbin 84.5k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 5590 Fiber (main) 7.29 - 8.00 /sbin 66.5k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 5690 Pro (main) 7.62 /sbin 66.7k
FRITZ!Box 6320 Cable v1 6.03 - 6.04 /sbin 59.8k
FRITZ!Box 6320 Cable v2 6.21 /sbin 63.8k
FRITZ!Box 6360 Cable 6.04 - 6.51 /sbin 59.8k - 63.8k
FRITZ!Box 6430 Cable (atom) 6.84 - 7.29 /sbin 63.2k - 70.5k
FRITZ!Box 6490 Cable (arm) 6.20 - 6.64 /sbin 63.8k
FRITZ!Box 6490 Cable (atom) 6.20 - 7.51 /sbin 63.2k - 78.6k
FRITZ!Box 6590 Cable (atom) 6.83 - 7.51 /sbin 63.2k - 78.6k
FRITZ!Box 6591 Cable (arm) 7.04 - 7.08 /sbin 63.5k - 70.6k
FRITZ!Box 6591 Cable (atom) 7.04 - 8.00 /sbin 63.5k - 79.0k
FRITZ!Box 6660 Cable (atom) 7.14 - 8.00 /sbin 63.1k - 79.0k
FRITZ!Box 6670 Cable (atom) 7.61 - 7.90 /sbin 78.9k - 79.0k
FRITZ!Box 6690 Cable (atom) 7.28 - 7.90 /sbin 70.6k - 79.0k
FRITZ!Box 6810 LTE 6.35 /sbin 77.3k - 77.6k
FRITZ!Box 6820 LTE v1 (main) 6.40 - 7.59 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 6820 LTE v2 (main) 6.40 - 7.59 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 6820 LTE v3 (main) 7.19 - 7.57 /sbin 84.7k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 6820 LTE v4 7.59 /sbin 84.7k
FRITZ!Box 6840 LTE (main) 6.01 - 6.88 /sbin 76.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 6842 LTE /sbin 77.3k - 77.5k
FRITZ!Box 6850 LTE 7.21 - 7.90 /sbin 62.7k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 6850 5G 7.24 - 7.90 /sbin 66.6k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 6890 LTE (main) 6.84 - 7.57 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 6890 LTE v1 (main) 6.84 - 7.57 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 6890 LTE v2 (main) 6.84 - 7.57 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7240 6.01 - 6.04 /sbin 77.3k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7270 v2 5.59 - 6.04 /sbin 77.3k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7270 v3 5.59 - 6.04 /sbin 77.3k
FRITZ!Box 7272 (main) 5.59 - 6.88 /sbin 76.3k - 81.5k
FRITZ!Box 7312 6.01 - 6.30 /sbin 77.3k - 77.5k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7320 6.01 - 6.35 /sbin 77.3k - 77.6k
FRITZ!Box 7330 5.59 - 6.30 /sbin 77.3k - 77.6k
FRITZ!Box 7330 SL 5.59 - 6.30 /sbin 77.3k - 77.5k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7340 /sbin 77.1k - 78.0k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7360 SL 5.60 - 6.34 /sbin 77.3k - 77.6k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7360 v1 5.60 - 6.36 /sbin 77.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7360 v2 5.59 - 6.88 /sbin 76.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 7362 SL (main) 5.60 - 7.18 /sbin 72.9k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Box 7369 (main) 6.30 - 6.32 /sbin 77.6k
FRITZ!Box Fon WLAN 7390 /sbin 37.3k - 81.5k
FRITZ!Box 7412 (main) 6.21 - 6.88 /sbin 76.3k - 77.7k
FRITZ!Box 7430 (main) 6.26 - 7.31 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Box 7490 (main) 5.58 - 7.51 /sbin 72.9k - 101k
FRITZ!Box 7510 7.30 - 8.00 /sbin 66.5k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 7520 6.98 - 8.00 /sbin 56.4k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 7520 v2 (main) 7.30 - 8.00 /sbin 66.6k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 7530 6.98 - 8.00 /sbin 56.3k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Box 7530 AX 7.20 - 8.00 /sbin 62.9k - 70.8k
FRITZ!Box 7560 (main) 6.51 - 7.30 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7580 (main) 6.53 - 7.30 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7581 6.83 - 7.18 /sbin 59.3k - 66.7k
FRITZ!Box 7582 6.83 - 7.18 /sbin 59.3k - 66.7k
FRITZ!Box 7583 (main) 7.01 - 7.59 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7583 VDSL (main) 7.19 - 8.00 /sbin 84.6k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7590 (main) 6.83 - 8.00 /sbin 72.9k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7590 AX (main) 7.19 - 8.00 /sbin 84.5k - 88.3k
FRITZ!Box 7690 7.61 - 7.90 /sbin 66.7k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Smart Gateway 7.52 - 7.63 /sbin 66.6k - 66.7k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 300E 6.00 - 6.34 /sbin 77.3k - 77.8k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 310 A 6.00 - 7.16 /sbin 72.9k - 84.2k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 310 B 6.30 - 7.16 /sbin 73.0k - 84.2k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 450E 6.00 - 7.15 /sbin 72.9k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Repeater 600 7.11 - 7.58 /sbin 68.7k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Repeater 600 v2 7.27 - 7.58 /sbin 68.7k - 72.4k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 1160 6.51 - 7.15 /sbin 73.0k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Repeater 1200 7.11 - 7.58 /sbin 66.5k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Repeater 1200 AX 7.30 - 7.58 /sbin 66.5k - 66.8k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater 1750E 6.12 - 7.32 /sbin 72.9k - 88.4k
FRITZ!Repeater 2400 7.12 - 7.58 /sbin 68.6k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Repeater 3000 6.98 - 7.58 /sbin 56.4k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Repeater 3000 AX 7.41 - 7.58 /sbin 66.7k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Repeater 6000 7.19 - 7.58 /sbin 66.5k - 66.8k
FRITZ!WLAN Repeater DVB-C 6.12 - 7.04 /sbin 72.9k - 77.8k
FRITZ!Powerline 540E 5.58 - 7.15 /sbin 72.9k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Powerline 546E 6.02 - 7.15 /sbin 72.9k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Powerline 1240 AX 7.57 - 7.58 /sbin 66.7k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Powerline 1240E 6.33 - 7.16 /sbin 73.0k - 84.2k
FRITZ!Powerline 1260E 6.90 - 7.58 /sbin 56.4k - 66.8k
FRITZ!Powerline 1260 7.27 - 7.58 /sbin 66.6k - 66.8k
91 models use this command

Symbols

Daily updated index of all symbols of this command. Last update: 2024-12-21 07:44 GMT.

Firmware Symbol
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_disconnect_by_remote_end_id
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_enable_protocoltest
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_exit
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_infomsg
6.10 - 7.32 l2tp_nl_init
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_session_count
6.10 - 8.00 l2tp_session_create
6.10 - 8.00 l2tp_session_delete
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_set_stat_changed_cb
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_show_all
5.58 - 8.00 l2tp_shutdown
6.10 - 8.00 l2tp_tunnel_create
6.10 - 8.00 l2tp_tunnel_delete
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpcfg_buf2cfg
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpcfg_free
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpclient_connect
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpclient_connectcisco
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpclient_init
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpserver_add_remote_end_id
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpserver_del_remote_end_id
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpserver_init
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpstat_dump_begin
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpstat_dump_commit
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpstat_dump_server
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpstat_dump_session
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpstat_dump_state
5.58 - 8.00 l2tpv3_dump_stat
5.58 - 6.60 l2tpv3_mode2str
5.58 - 8.00 main
5.58 - 8.00 upnpclient_l2tpv3_fixed_server_changed
5.58 - 8.00 upnpclient_l2tpv3_start
5.58 - 8.00 upnpclient_l2tpv3_stop
5.58 - 8.00 upnpclient_l2tpv3_walk_servers
5.58 - 8.00 upnpserver_l2tpv3_set_remote_end_ids
5.58 - 8.00 upnpserver_l2tpv3_start
5.58 - 8.00 upnpserver_l2tpv3_stop
36 symbols for this command

SMW-Browser

Information is currently being retrieved from the backend.